Insights into Metallic Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+ Ions-Induced Bacteriolytic Mechanism against S. Aureus and E. Coli

2-3-6, Saido, Midori-Ku, Saitama-Shi, Saitama-Ken, 〒336-0907, Japan

*Corresponding author: Dr. Sci. Tsuneo Ishida, Retired, own's at home Researcher, 〒336-0907, Japan; Tel: 048-881-3970; Email: [email protected]

Received Date: December 12, 2022

Accepted Date: January 15, 2023

Publication Date: January 28, 2023

Citation: Ishida T. (2023). Insights into Metallic Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ Ions-Induced Bacteriolytic Mechanism against S. Aureus and E. Coli. Catalysis Research. 3(1):05.

Copyright: Ishida T. © (2023).

ABSTRACT

Metallic Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions, respectively, induced bacteriolytic mechanism has been elucidated against S. aureus and E. coli. Bacteriolytic mechanism for Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions, respectively, induced S. aureus is clarified that bacteriolysis and destruction of S. aureus PGN cell wall occur by inhibition of PGN elongation through metallic Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions-induced PGN inhibitory transglycosylase (TG) and transpeptidase (TP) syntheses (TG for Zn²⁺) and PGN activated major autolysin of amidase. The other, bacteriolytic mechanism for Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions, respectively, induced E. coli is found that bacteriolysis and destruction of E. coli cell wall occur by disruption of E. coli outer membrane (OM) structure with OM lipoprotein-endopeptidase activation, and by inhibition of PGN elongation through inhibitory TG and TP syntheses (TG for Zn²⁺) and PGN activated major autolysins.

Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions-induced ROS generation of O₂^- and H₂ O₂ and ROS-mediated oxidative stress in bacterial cell lead to killing by stress damage for silver ions, cell membrane damages due to high reactive •OH and OH^－ are formed by Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions for Cu²⁺ ions, and DNA molecular damage for Zn²⁺ ions.

Keywords: Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ ions, Bacteriolysis, PGN synthesis and autolysin, PGN elongation, E. coli OM structure, Autolysin amidase, ROS-mediated oxidative stress

ABBREVIATIONS

BLP=Braun’s lipoprotein, CTD=C-terminal domain, E. coli=Escherichia coli, IMP=integral membrane protein, LdtF=l,d- transpeptidase factor, Lpp=lipoprotein, LPS=lipopolysaccharide, MBP=maltose-binding protein, NAG=N-acetylglucosamine, NAM=N-acetylmuramic acid, NTD=N-terminal domain, OM=outer membrane, OMP=outer membrane protein, Omp=outer membrane porin, Pal=Protein associated lipoprotein, PGN=peptidoglycan, PGRPs=peptidoglycan recognition proteins, ROS= reactive oxygen species, S. aureus=Staphylococcus aureus, SNF=silver nanoformulation form, TG=transglycosylase, Tol=Tol proteins, TP=transpeptidase, ZnPT=zinc pyrithione.